INTRODUCTION
Why monitor raptors?
Preserve biodiversity
Avoid "train wrecks"
ESA considerations
Bio-indicators
Socio-economic considerations
Raptors are a commodity, taken
for falconry and "depredation" in parts of their range
Justification
Biodiversity Convention of 1992
(Rio de Janeiro)
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Fish and Wildlife Conservation
Act of 1980
Comparison to North American
Waterfowl Management Plan
Decisions being made now on minimal
data that may have long-term implications
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Scale:
Need data at continental and
regional scales
Monitoring Methods - Discussion
of strengths and weaknesses, needed improvements in techniques,
analysis methods, distribution of results:
Breeding Bird Survey (BBS)
Christmas Bird Count (CBC)
Raptor Migration Counts (RMC)
Other Studies
Nest surveys
Finland plot model
Ground based
Nest boxes
Aerial
Transects
Roadside
Other
Roost counts
Bait stations
Other
SPECIES RECOMMENDATIONS
Specify: useful available data;
most suitable monitoring methods; useful specific "products"
(e.g., coordination of northern goshawk surveys, compilation of
bald eagle, of peregrine falcon status data); areas where additional
coverage or different methods are necessary.
Falconiformes:
Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus)
Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus)
White-tailed Kite (Elanus caeruleus)
Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) – Mexico population
Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis)
Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus)
Sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus)
Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperi)
Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus)
Harris' Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)
Gray Hawk (Buteo nitidus)
Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)
Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)
Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus)
Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni)
White-tailed Hawk (Buteo albicaudatus)
Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus)
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis)
Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus)
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
Crested Caracara (Polyborus plancus)
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
Merlin (Falco columbarius)
Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis)
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)
Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus)
Diurnal Strigiformes
Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca)
Northern Hawk-owl (Surnia ulula)
Northern Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium gnoma)
Ferruginous Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum)
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)
Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa)
Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus)
THE ABOVE LIST CONTAINS
THOSE SPECIES THAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE STRATEGY.
THE FOLLOWING, ADDITIONAL
OWLS WILL BE INCLUDED IF SPECIES ACCOUNTS ARE COMPLETED. LISA TAKATS
PRIESTLEY IS COORDINATING THIS EFFORT TO COMPLETE AS MANY AS POSSIBLE,
BUT THEY ARE NOT PART OF THE USGS-FWS FUNDED REQUIREMENT.
Owls (nocturnal)
Elf owl
SOME “SUB-TROPICAL”
RAPTOR ACCOUNTS ALSO MIGHT BE CONTRIBUTED.
Tropical forest spp
INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION
FROM SPECIES ACCOUNTS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A STRATEGY:
the synthesis
THE FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS
will be clearly identified and reflect the USGS & FWS requirements
for raptor monitoring based on using methods to cover as many appropriate
species as possible (e.g., BBS) with the most practical methods.
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